The Energy Union can further the process of opening up and integrating energy markets within the European Union. However, there is a risk that behind the proposal a new wave of regulation looms, both at national and EU levels.
It is quite possible that there will be a referendum on whether Britain should leave the European Union in the next few years. However, few people have well-formed views on what they believe should happen if we leave the EU.
A response to the European Commission’s findings in its 2014 consultation on investment protection and the investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) in TTIP, including the four areas for further improvement identified by DG TRADE.
With cross-border trade volumes reaching new heights every year, and with governments still prone to arbitrary action, there is a need for effective, transparent, independent and swift ISDS. CETA, TTIP and future trade deals should contain an ISDS chapter.
The development of television and mobile communications in the coming years will depend on the future of the UHF band, currently the subject of discussions at national and international levels. Regulators should resist the temptation of premature and radical intervention and abandon the traditional dirigiste model of spectrum management.
The success of the internal market for products can and should be repeated for energy. Natural barriers to market entry in terms of infrastructure can be overcome by private and/ or public investment if proper returns on investment are allowed.
The free-trade deal between Canada and the European Union has often been described as a template for the potentially much larger Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership currently being negotiated with the United States. As such it provides a good case study in the pitfalls that might plague, not just the TTIP, but other future trade agreements that the EU embarks upon.
It is widely acknowledged that Europe lags behind when it comes to digital entrepreneurship. The largest players in the digital economy are based elsewhere, primarily in the US, Japan, Israel, and even China.
The free movement of workers across Member States is one the main historic achievements of the European integration process. Not only is such freedom important from the individual worker’s perspective, dramatically increasing the scope of potential employment opportunities. In a situation of uneven economic development, such mobility has also proven to be an important mechanism as a free-market regulator.