European Union

February 2, 2021

The EU National Energy And Climate Plans

With the Clean Energy for All Europeans package, the European Union has committed to being carbon-neutral by 2050. In order to achieve this goal, the EU Commission and the Member States have agreed upon binding targets to be met by 2030: emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) shall be cut by at least 40 per cent below 1990 levels, renewable energies shall cover at least 32 per cent of final energy demand, and energy efficiency shall be improved by at least 32.5 per cent as compared to business-as-usual.
February 1, 2021

The Economic Cost Of Catalonia’s Hypothetical Independence

Since the 2017 constitutional crisis in Catalonia, the momentum to secede from Spain has grown, but the potential economic impact has not been thoroughly assessed. This report outlines the possible economic costs both for Catalonia and the rest of Spain.